• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

Many adults with ADHD have comorbid conditions such as major depression (Kessler and co., 2006). Many patients do not respond to depression medications and may benefit from psychotherapy.

Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. The most frequently prescribed stimulants include methylphenidate, amphetamine and other similar drugs.

Medicines

Adults can take a variety of medications that are used for ADHD in children. The dosages and side effects differ. A doctor will consider the medical history of the patient, family history, and other health issues to determine which medication is best for them.

The most commonly used type of ADHD medication is stimulant and adjusts levels of two chemical messengers in the brain called norepinephrine and dopamine. Stimulants like methylphenidate (also called Adderall), and dextroamphetamine enhance the supply of neurotransmitters that aid in improving concentration, decrease impulsivity, and decrease aggression. They are available in a variety of forms such as chewable tablets, liquids and skin patches. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are more effective because they lead to greater patient compliance and a longer lasting and smoother improvement in symptoms.

It is important to be aware that comorbid disorders such as depression or anxiety disorders can influence the response to ADHD medication. Therefore it is recommended that psychiatric issues be treated first line treatment for adhd in adults (https://bookmarknap.com/story7877229/you-ll-Never-guess-this-add-natural-treatment-s-tricks), and then medication used as a second measure. Medications that can be used to treat comorbid psychiatric disorders include atomoxetine and bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).).

Some patients may experience an "rebound" effect where they experience worsening of ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medications. In these cases a short trial of a lower dose of stimulant medication may be helpful.

Some people cannot tolerate stimulant drugs or are in a position to not take them due to drug abuse or other health issues, for example, heart problems that are severe or hypertension. In these instances, non-stimulant medication such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These drugs do not have the same high rates of side effects as stimulants and carry a less risk of misuse and diversion.

Psychotherapy

People suffering from ADHD can benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help them learn strategies to improve their lives manage anxiety and stress, resolve conflicts, and manage problems in relationships and at work. It can also aid in the treatment of people with mental disorders that coexist, such as depression and addiction disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and mind-body cognitive therapy, as well as schema therapy. These treatments are based on the idea that beliefs and thoughts can affect how a person feels, thinks and acts. CBT assists individuals in identifying negative thoughts and behaviors and then formulate and implement positive strategies to change them. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy utilizes techniques of meditation to help a person learn to focus on their thoughts and emotions, manage their impulses and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy, as well as other forms psychotherapy that focus on the family history of a person can be beneficial for those suffering from untreated adhd in female adults.

In addition to medication psychotherapy can also help with the specific problems caused by ADHD problems, like having trouble staying on track with schoolwork, resolving conflicts, being able to get together with others, losing important dates or obligations as well as impulsive decisions that can lead to financial or legal troubles. Psychotherapy can help someone overcome the root issues like depression and anxiety that may contribute to their ADHD symptoms.

Psychotherapy can help people discover healthy ways to cope and reduce stress. For example exercising, improving sleep, and healthy eating habits. It can also provide assistance to a partner or family member who may be dealing with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Marriage and family therapy can assist families and couples communicate better and learn how to manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a type of psychotherapy that is focused on helping clients overcome their negative thoughts. It involves a dialog based on skill with a mental health professional to address the root cause of symptoms. This treatment aims to assist clients overcome their limitations and develop coping strategies that are appropriate to their everyday lives.

Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT teach clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts and help them develop skills to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take a long time. It is a viable option for those who cannot get enough relief from their medications.

In an upcoming RCT, it was found that cognitive behavioral therapy combined with medication is superior to cognitive behavior therapy on its own in terms of improving the core symptoms, emotional symptom self-esteem, and social functioning in adults with ADHD (Clarke, et al. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is particularly beneficial for those suffering from more severe underlying problems.

Therapists who provide this type of treatment work with their clients to devise an action plan to address their specific issues. They typically teach them a set of practical skills that are simple to implement and have a high likelihood of success. Typically, a chart system is used to track progress and reward positive behaviour. This could include a daily report for children that details the tasks they have to complete in school or the positive behaviors to be exhibited, and an approach to tracking and rewarding. Therapists may also discuss the possibility that negative consequences could be inflicted upon a child who isn't able to finish their work. This can be done with care and encouragement.

Metacognitive Therapy

Metacognitive therapy is a brand new kind of psychotherapy that helps people change their thinking. This type of treatment can be effective for people with a variety of mental health problems which include depression. It's a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people recognize their negative thought patterns and how they affect their emotions. This type of therapy helps individuals develop psychological tools that are versatile and useful.

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognitive abilities and daily functioning in adults suffering from ADHD. To accomplish this, we evaluated self- and informant-rated deficits in daily functioning with indicators of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge, regulation of cognition debugging, information management, and evaluation). It was discovered that comprehensive knowledge was connected to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but that the processes of regulation were not. The predictive effectiveness of a model that includes metacognition predictors was moderate, suggesting that they can account for a significant amount of the variation in the daily functioning of adults with ADHD.

Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an treatment that focuses on changing metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate mental states such as worry, rumination, or attention fixation. Adrian Wells developed MCT based on the model of information processing by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been shown to be effective in treating illness anxiety disorders. However, it's still an emerging treatment and further research is required to determine if it could help with other disorders.

This study was conceived to evaluate the efficacy of MCT to treat symptoms of illness anxiety disorder. However it is also able to treat various disorders and may be more effective than other therapy. It is not a cure, but can be used to treat ADHD.

Family Therapy

In family therapy, the therapist works with all members of the family. This allows everyone to be aware of the issues facing the client and learn how to get adhd treatment to support their loved one better. It also helps them deal with their frustrations and build more effective communication skills. This kind of counseling can be utilized to treat other comorbidities, such as depression and substance abuse that are commonly associated as part of ADHD.

The therapist will start with an intake session to get a clearer understanding of the family's perspective of the issue and determine their potential for intervention by the family. It can be done in person or online. The therapist will explain to each person the nature of treatment and the rules for family therapy.

A therapist who has experience treating adhd and depression in adults adults with ADHD asks lots of questions to gain an understanding of their present symptoms as well as their history and the impact they have on their family, work, and relationships. They will also ask whether there are other mental health issues that are present, such as anxiety or depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured type of counseling that teaches you to manage your behavior and transform negative thinking patterns into positive ones. It focuses on improving self-esteem and self control by educating you on how to handle anger and stress. This is a short-term solution that can be used in conjunction with other forms of psychotherapy.

Individual therapy can help people suffering from adhd diagnosis and treatment overcome emotional trauma from a long-running pattern of underachievement and failure, academic difficulties frequent job changes, and conflicts in relationships. It can help you learn stress reduction and coping techniques as well as how to better manage your time and finances. It can also help with comorbid disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders, which are often seen with adhd in adult women treatment.