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Tracking Sharks With Robots

Scientists have been tracking sharks using robots for years. But a new design allows them to do this while tracking the animal. Biologists from Mote Marine Laboratory and engineers at Harvey Mudd College developed the system using off-the-shelf parts.

It can withstand a pull-off force 340 times greater than its own weight. It is also able to detect and adjust its pathway depending on the changing conditions of the home.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) are robots that can be programmed to operate according to the design they can drift or travel through the ocean without human-controlled control in real-time. They are equipped with a range of sensors to monitor the water's parameters and identify ocean geological features, sea floor communities and habitats, and more.

They are controlled by a surface vessel using Wi-Fi or acoustic links to send data back to the operator. They are used to collect any kind of temporal or spatial samples and can be used in large groups to cover more ground than could be done with the use of a single vehicle.

Like their land counterparts, AUVs can navigate using GPS and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to determine where they are in the world and how far they've been from where they started. This positioning information, along with sensors in the environment that transmit information to the onboard computers, allows AUVs to follow a planned route without losing sight of their destination.

When a research mission is completed, the AUV will be able to float back to the surface. It will be retrieved by the research vessel from the vessel from which it was launched. Alternatively an AUV with a resident status could remain in the water and conduct regular, pre-programmed checks for a period of months. In either scenario the AUV will periodically surface to announce its location via an GPS signal or acoustic beacon, which are then transmitted to the surface ship.

Certain AUVs communicate with their operator constantly via a satellite link to the research ship. Scientists are able to continue their research on the ship while the AUV collects data underwater. Other AUVs can communicate with their operators at specific times. For instance, when they need to refuel their sensors or verify their status.

In addition to providing oceanographic information, AUVs can also be used to find underwater resources like natural gas vacuum and mop combo shark minerals according to Free Think. They can also be utilized as part of an environmental disaster response plan to aid in rescue and search operations after oil spills or tsunamis. They can also be used to monitor subsurface volcano activity and also the conditions of marine life, including whale populations or coral reefs.

Curious Robots

Contrary to conventional underwater robots, which are preprogrammed to only search for one feature on the ocean floor, the curious underwater robots are designed so they can explore and adjust to changing conditions. This is crucial because the conditions beneath the waves can be unpredictable. For instance, if water suddenly gets warmer, it could change the behavior of marine creatures or even lead to an oil spill. Robots that are curious are designed to quickly and effectively detect changes in the environment.

Researchers are developing a new Robotic shark robot self empty vacuum (chunzee.co.kr) platform that makes use of reinforcement learning to teach robots to be curious. The robot, which resembles an infant wearing yellow clothing with a green hand, can be taught to recognize patterns, which could indicate an interesting discovery. It can also be taught to make decisions based on the past actions. The results of the research could be used to create an autonomous robot capable of learning and adapting to changing environments.

Other researchers are using robotics with a curious nature to explore parts of the ocean that are dangerous for human divers. For example, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has a curious robot vacuum shark named WARP-AUV. It is used to search for and research shipwrecks. This robot is able identify reef creatures and even distinguish jellyfish and semi-transparent fish from their dim backgrounds.

This is a feat of sheer brilliance considering that it takes years to train a human being to perform this task. The brain of the WARP-AUV has been trained to recognize familiar species after thousands of images have been fed to it. In addition to its abilities as a marine detective the WARP-AUV is able to send topside supervisors real-time pictures of underwater scenery and sea creatures.

Other teams are developing robots that learn by observing the same curiosity humans have. For instance, a team led by the University of Washington's Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering is looking for ways to train robots to be curious about their surroundings. The team is part of an Honda Research Institute USA initiative to create curious machines.

Remote Missions

A myriad of uncertainties could result in a mission failure. Scientists aren't sure how the duration of a mission will be and how well the components of the spacecraft will function, or if any other forces or objects could affect the operation of the spacecraft. The Remote Agent software is intended to reduce the uncertainty by performing many of the difficult tasks that ground control personnel would be able to perform in the event that they were on DS1 during the mission.

The Remote Agent software system consists of a planner/scheduler, as well as an executive. It also incorporates model-based reasoning algorithms. The planner/scheduler produces a set of time-based and events-based activities that are referred to as tokens which are then passed to the executive. The executive determines how to transform the tokens into a series of commands which are sent directly to spacecraft.

During the test, a DS1 crewmember is on hand to assist in resolving any problems that may arise outside the scope of the test. Regional bureaus must adhere to Department guidelines for managing records and maintain all documentation pertaining to the establishment of a remote mission.

SharkCam by REUS

Sharks are mysterious creatures, and researchers have no idea about their activities beneath the surface of the ocean. But researchers using an autonomous underwater vehicle called REMUS SharkCam are beginning to break through the blue layer and the results are astonishing and frightening.

The SharkCam team, a group from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, took the torpedo-shaped SharkCam to Guadalupe Island last year to monitor and film great white sharks in their natural habitat. The 13 hours of video footage, as well as images from acoustic tag tags attached to sharks, provide many aspects of the underwater behavior of these top predators.

The REMUS sharkCam, developed by Hydroid in Pocasset MA It is designed to monitor the location of a tagged animals without disturbing their behavior or causing alarm. It is a ultra-short navigation system that determines the distance, bearing, and depth of the animal. Then it focuses on the shark vacuum with self empty with a predetermined distance and location (left or right, above or below,) and records its swimming and interactions with its environment. It communicates with scientists on the surface every 20 seconds and can respond to commands to alter its speed, depth, or standoff distance.

State shark robot vacuum and mop scientist Greg Skomal, WHOI engineer Amy Kukulya, Pelagios-Kakunja shark researcher Edgar MauricioHoyos-Padilla of Mexico's Marine Conservation Society and REMUS SharkCam software developer Roger Stokey first envisioned tracking and filming great white sharks using the self-propelled torpedo, which they named REMUS SharkCam They were concerned that it would disturb the sharks' movements and could cause them to flee from the area they were studying. Skomal together with his colleagues, revealed in a recent article in the Journal of Fish Biology that the SharkCam was able to stand up to nine bumps and biting from great whites weighing tens of thousands of pounds over the course of a week of study near the coast of Guadalupe.

The researchers concluded that the sharks' interactions with REMUS SharkCam, which had been tracking and recording the activity of four sharks tagged as predatory behavior. They recorded 30 shark interactions with the robot including bumps, simple approaches and on nine occasions, aggressive bites from sharks which appeared to be aimed at REMUS.